claude-swarm

An MCP server for orchestrating parallel Claude Code worker swarms with protocol-based behavioral governance. Enables multi-hour autonomous coding sessions with persistent state, parallel workers, and runtime enforcement of behavioral constraints.

Installation • Quick Start • Dashboard • Protocols • Tools

Features

Worker Orchestration

• Persistent State - Session state survives context compaction via MCP server
• Parallel Workers - Run multiple Claude Code workers simultaneously via tmux
• Git Worktree Isolation - Workers run in isolated git worktrees for safe parallel modification
• Worker Plan Mode - Workers analyze codebases and produce plans before implementing (auto-approved)
• Competitive Planning - Complex features get two competing implementation plans
• Confidence Monitoring - Multi-signal scoring detects struggling workers
• Enforced Verification - Test-as-supervisor pattern with configurable verification commands
• Auto-retry - Failed features automatically retry with configurable limits
• Feature Dependencies - Define execution order between features
• File-Based Task Locking - Atomic mutual exclusion prevents workers from conflicting
• Post-Completion Reviews - Automated code and architecture reviews with actionable findings

Long-Running Autonomy

• Ralph Loop - Fresh Claude context per iteration eliminates context rot for long sessions
• Days-Long Sessions - Supports hours/days of autonomous execution with checkpointing
• Crash Recovery - Automatic session resumption after crashes or machine restarts
• Failure Pattern Learning - Records what works/fails for future worker prompts

Protocol-Based Governance

• Behavioral Protocols - Define constraints on what workers can/cannot do
• Pre-spawn Validation - Verify protocols allow task before worker starts
• Continuous Monitoring - Track constraint violations during execution
• LLM-Generated Protocols - Workers can propose new protocols (validated against base constraints)
• Cross-instance Sync - Share protocols across MCP instances

Monitoring & Dashboard

• Real-time Web Dashboard - Live UI at http://localhost:3456 with Server-Sent Events
• Live Terminal Streaming - Watch worker output with ANSI color support
• Review Worker Visibility - Code and architecture review progress in dashboard
• Violation Tracking - Audit log of all protocol violations
• Git Checkpoints - Commit progress after each feature

Repository Setup

• Auto-Configuration - Set up CI/CD, issue templates, and documentation in parallel
• Platform Detection - GitHub, GitLab, Gitea, Bitbucket, Azure DevOps support
• Project Analysis - Detects languages, frameworks, and adapts configuration
• Merge Mode - Preserves existing configs by default, with optional force overwrite

How It Works

The orchestrator pattern separates concerns for reliable long-running sessions:

• Orchestrator (Claude Code): Plans work, monitors progress, makes decisions
• MCP Server: Maintains persistent state that survives context compaction
• Workers: Isolated Claude Code sessions in git worktrees via tmux that implement individual features
• Protocols: Behavioral constraints governing what workers can/cannot do
• Ralph Loop: External bash loop that launches fresh Claude sessions per iteration, with state persisted to the filesystem (progress files, git history)

Worker Lifecycle

Workers follow a two-phase lifecycle when plan mode is enabled (complexity >= 30):

1. Plan Phase - Worker runs with read-only tools (Read, Glob, Grep, Write), analyzes the codebase, and produces a structured plan
2. Auto-Review - Orchestrator scores the plan on test strategy, risk assessment, file specificity, and step count
3. Implement Phase - Worker runs with full tools, following the approved plan step by step

Ralph Loop (Long-Running Autonomy)

For long-running features, the Ralph Loop replaces single long-lived sessions:

1. Each iteration launches a fresh Claude session (no context rot)
2. State persists via filesystem: progress.md, git history, .done files
3. Prompt re-reads current state each iteration (self-reloading context)
4. Configurable stopping conditions: completion marker, time limit, max iterations
5. Git diff injected into prompt so worker sees what changed

Session Resilience

Sessions survive crashes and machine restarts:

• Checkpointing - State snapshots every ~15 minutes while workers are running
• Heartbeat Detection - PID-based liveness detection identifies stale sessions
• Crash Recovery - resume_session detects crashes, loads checkpoints, restarts dead workers
• Graceful Shutdown - shutdown_session creates checkpoint and stops workers cleanly

This separation enables:

• Parallel execution: Multiple workers implement features simultaneously
• State persistence: Session state survives context compaction via the MCP server
• Failure recovery: Workers can retry, rollback, or be guided when stuck
• Behavioral governance: Protocols enforce constraints on worker actions

Quick Start

Prerequisites

• Node.js 18+
• tmux (brew install tmux on macOS)
• Claude Code CLI

Installation

One-liner install (recommended):

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cj-vana/claude-swarm/main/install.sh | bash

This will clone the repo, build, register the MCP server, and install the /swarm skill.

git clone https://github.com/cj-vana/claude-swarm.git
cd claude-swarm
npm install
npm run build

# Add to Claude Code
claude mcp add claude-swarm --scope user -- node $(pwd)/dist/index.js

# Install the skill (optional but recommended)
mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills/swarm && cp skill/SKILL.md ~/.claude/skills/swarm/

Basic Usage

Tell Claude to use the swarm:

Use /swarm to build a REST API with authentication, user management, and tests

Or follow the workflow phases manually:

Phase 1: Setup
  → orchestrator_init - Initialize session with features
  → configure_verification - Set up test/build commands
  → set_dependencies - Define feature order

Phase 2: Pre-Work (per feature)
  → get_feature_complexity - Check if competitive planning needed
  → enrich_feature - Add relevant context

Phase 3: Execute
  → start_worker or start_parallel_workers

Phase 4: Monitor
  → sleep 180 - Wait before checking
  → check_worker (heartbeat: true) - Lightweight status
  → send_worker_message - Guide if stuck

Phase 5: Complete
  → run_verification - Run tests
  → mark_complete - Record success/failure
  → commit_progress - Git checkpoint

Phase 6: Review
  → check_reviews - Monitor automated reviews
  → get_review_results - See findings

The /swarm Skill

The /swarm skill provides guided orchestration with a complete workflow:

Use /swarm to build a REST API with authentication, user management, and tests

The skill automates:

• Phase 0: Repository readiness check (runs setup_analyze)
• Phase 1: Session setup with feature decomposition
• Phase 2: Pre-work preparation (complexity analysis, context enrichment)
• Phase 3: Execution (manual or auto-orchestration)
• Phase 4: Monitoring loop with confidence tracking
• Phase 5: Completion verification and git checkpoints
• Phase 6: Post-completion reviews

Installing the skill:

mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills/swarm && cp skill/SKILL.md ~/.claude/skills/swarm/

See skill/SKILL.md for the complete workflow reference.

Protocol System

Protocols define behavioral constraints that govern worker actions, enabling safe autonomous operation with clear boundaries.

Constraint Types

Example Protocol

{
  "id": "safe-refactoring-v1",
  "name": "Safe Refactoring Protocol",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "priority": 100,
  "constraints": [
    {
      "id": "no-secrets",
      "type": "file_access",
      "rule": {
        "type": "file_access",
        "deniedPaths": ["**/.env", "**/secrets.*", "**/credentials.json"]
      },
      "severity": "error",
      "message": "Cannot access files that may contain secrets"
    }
  ],
  "enforcement": {
    "mode": "strict",
    "preExecution": true,
    "postExecution": true,
    "onViolation": "block"
  }
}

Protocol Workflow

1. protocol_register - Register a new protocol
2. protocol_activate - Activate for enforcement
3. start_worker - Workers are validated against active protocols
4. [worker runs with continuous monitoring]
5. get_violations - Review any constraint violations

LLM-Generated Protocols

Workers can propose new protocols validated against immutable base constraints:

1. get_base_constraints - View immutable security rules
2. propose_protocol - Worker submits proposal
3. review_proposals - See pending proposals with risk scores
4. approve_protocol / reject_protocol - Human review for high-risk

Base Constraints (cannot be overridden):

• Certain tools always denied (e.g., dangerous system commands)
• Critical paths always protected (e.g., /etc, system files)
• Maximum privilege ceiling enforced

Competitive Planning

For complex features, spawn two planners with different approaches:

1. get_feature_complexity(featureId)     # Analyze complexity (0-100)
2. start_competitive_planning(featureId) # Spawn Planner A & B
3. [wait for planners to complete]
4. evaluate_plans(featureId)             # Compare and pick winner
5. start_worker(featureId)               # Implement with winning plan

• Planner A: Incremental, safe approach
• Planner B: Elegant, innovative approach
• Threshold: Features scoring 60+ trigger competitive planning

Confidence Monitoring

Real-time confidence scoring detects struggling workers:

Levels: High (80-100), Medium (50-79), Low (25-49), Critical (0-24)

set_confidence_threshold(35)       # Configure alert level
get_worker_confidence(featureId)   # Get detailed breakdown

Auto-Orchestration

For fully autonomous execution, use auto_orchestrate:

auto_orchestrate(projectDir, strategy: "adaptive", maxConcurrent: 5)

This handles Phases 3-5 automatically:

• Schedules workers based on dependencies
• Monitors progress and handles failures
• Runs verification commands
• Marks features complete
• Commits progress at checkpoints

Scheduling Strategies

When to Use

• Auto-orchestration: Large feature sets, hands-off execution
• Manual orchestration: Fine-grained control, complex dependencies, debugging

Post-Completion Reviews

Automated code and architecture reviews run after all workers complete:

1. All features complete -> session status changes to "reviewing"
2. Code review worker analyzes: bugs, security, style, test coverage
3. Architecture review worker analyzes: coupling, patterns, scalability
4. Findings aggregated into progress log
5. Session completes with review summary

Review workers output structured JSON findings:

• .claude/orchestrator/workers/code-review.findings.json
• .claude/orchestrator/workers/architecture-review.findings.json

Severity levels: clean, minor, moderate, major, critical

Acting on Review Findings

Convert review findings into actionable features:

# View available issues from reviews
implement_review_suggestions(projectDir)

# Create features from specific issues
implement_review_suggestions(projectDir, issueIndices: [0, 2, 5])

# Auto-select warnings and errors
implement_review_suggestions(projectDir, autoSelect: true, minSeverity: "warning")

Configure or trigger manually:

configure_reviews(enabled: true, skipOnFailure: false)
run_review(reviewTypes: ["code", "architecture"])
get_review_results(format: "detailed")

Repository Setup

Automatically configure repositories with development best practices:

# Analyze repository freshness and missing configs
setup_analyze(projectDir)

# Initialize setup with parallel workers
setup_init(projectDir)

# Check setup progress
setup_status(projectDir)

Configuration Types

Customization

# Skip specific config types
setup_init(projectDir, skipConfigs: ["dependabot", "release-please"])

# Force overwrite existing files
setup_init(projectDir, force: true)

# Override platform detection
setup_init(projectDir, platform: "gitlab")

Feature Rollback

The orchestrator creates git snapshot branches before each worker starts, enabling safe rollback of failed features.

How Rollback Works

1. Snapshot Creation: start_worker creates swarm/{featureId} branch at current HEAD
2. Worker Execution: Worker makes changes to working directory
3. On Failure: Use rollback_feature to restore pre-worker state

Rollback Tools

Usage

# Rollback all files changed by feature
rollback_feature(projectDir, featureId: "feature-1")

# Rollback specific files only
rollback_feature(projectDir, featureId: "feature-1", files: ["src/component.ts"])

Warning: When rolling back in parallel worker environments, other workers' changes to the same files will also be reverted.

Web Dashboard

A real-time web dashboard is available at http://localhost:3456:

• Session Overview - Progress bar, feature counts, session statistics
• Feature Cards - Status, dependencies, worker assignment
• Live Terminal Output - Real-time streaming with ANSI color support
• Review Worker Progress - Code and architecture review visibility
• Dark Mode - Automatic theme detection

Dashboard API

The dashboard exposes a REST API for programmatic access:

Server-Sent Events (/api/events):

• status - Session status changes
• feature - Feature status updates
• worker - Active worker count changes
• reviewWorker - Review worker status updates
• log - New progress log entries
• heartbeat - Keep-alive (every 15s)

Architecture

Claude Code orchestrates workers through the MCP Server. Workers run in isolated tmux sessions and share access to the project codebase. The dashboard provides real-time monitoring via SSE.

MCP Tools Reference

Core Orchestration (3 tools)

Worker Management (9 tools)

Competitive Planning (3 tools)

Confidence Monitoring (2 tools)

Feature Management (6 tools)

Pre-Completion Verification

Configure commands that workers must run before marking features complete:

configure_verification(projectDir, commands: ["npm test", "npx tsc --noEmit"])

Workers will run these commands and fix any errors before completion. Allowed commands include:

• npm test, npm run test, yarn test, pnpm test
• npx tsc --noEmit, npx vitest, npx jest
• pytest, python -m pytest
• cargo test, cargo check
• go test, make test

Session & Progress (7 tools)

Feature Rollback (2 tools)

Post-Completion Reviews (5 tools)

Repository Setup (3 tools)

Protocol Management (5 tools)

Protocol Enforcement (4 tools)

LLM Protocol Generation (5 tools)

Protocol Networking (4 tools)

Context Management (4 tools)

Files Created

your-project/
├── .claude/orchestrator/
│   ├── state.json              # Session state
│   ├── feature_list.json       # Feature status
│   ├── protocols/
│   │   ├── registry.json       # Protocol definitions
│   │   ├── active.json         # Active protocols
│   │   ├── violations.json     # Violation records
│   │   ├── audit.json          # Audit log
│   │   └── proposals/          # Pending proposals
│   ├── sync/                   # Cross-instance sync
│   ├── checkpoints/            # Session checkpoints for crash recovery
│   │   └── *.json              # Timestamped state snapshots
│   ├── heartbeat.json          # Orchestrator liveness detection
│   ├── learnings.json          # Failure pattern learning
│   ├── locks/                  # File-based mutual exclusion
│   │   └── *.lock              # Per-file lock files
│   ├── worktrees/              # Git worktree directories
│   └── workers/
│       ├── *.prompt            # Worker prompts
│       ├── *.log               # Worker output logs
│       ├── *.done              # Completion markers
│       ├── *.status            # Worker status
│       ├── *.plan.json         # Competitive plans
│       ├── *.confidence        # Self-reported confidence
│       ├── *.worker-plan.json  # Worker plan-phase output
│       ├── *.plan-done         # Plan phase completion markers
│       ├── *.progress.md       # Ralph Loop progress files
│       ├── code-review.findings.json        # Code review results
│       └── architecture-review.findings.json # Architecture review results
├── claude-progress.txt         # Human-readable log
└── init.sh                     # Environment setup

Configuration

Security

Input Validation

• Path traversal protection - All file paths validated against project directory
• Cryptographically secure IDs - Uses crypto.randomUUID()
• Symlink escape prevention - Real paths validated before file operations
• Input validation - All inputs validated with Zod schemas

Regex Safety (ReDoS Protection)

• Pattern validation - isDangerousRegexPattern() detects catastrophic backtracking
• Safe regex testing - safeRegexTest() falls back to literal matching for dangerous patterns
• Glob-to-regex conversion - Proper metacharacter escaping prevents injection

Memory Safety

• Bounded collections - Operation counts, alerts, and observed patterns have maximum limits
• LRU eviction - Least-recently-used entries removed when limits reached (max 50 cached managers)
• Timestamp truncation - Historical data pruned to prevent unbounded growth

Network Safety

• Localhost-only CORS - Dashboard only accepts requests from localhost origins
• No external network access - Workers operate in isolated tmux sessions

Execution Safety

• Fail-closed enforcement - Unknown constraint types block by default
• Command allowlist - Only safe verification commands allowed
• No shell injection - Uses execFile with arguments, prompts via files
• Circuit breaker pattern - Monitor auto-stops after repeated failures
• Review worker isolation - Read-only tools (no Bash access)

Protocol Security

• Base constraints - Immutable security rules cannot be overridden
• Proposal validation - LLM-generated protocols checked against security boundaries
• Token-based matching - Tool prohibition uses exact token matching, not substring

Inspiration

• Anthropic's "Effective harnesses for long-running agents"
• Ralph Loop: A Continuous Iteration Paradigm for AI Agents
• Claude Code Agent Teams
• MAKER: "Solving a Million-Step LLM Task with Zero Errors"
• Multi-Agent Collaboration via Evolving Orchestration
• AFlow: Automatic Workflow Optimization
• AgentsNet: Coordinating Multi-Agent Networks

Troubleshooting

"No active session"

Run orchestrator_status to check state, or orchestrator_init to start fresh.

Worker seems stuck

1. check_worker(featureId) to see current output
2. get_worker_confidence(featureId) to check confidence score
3. send_worker_message(featureId, "guidance") to provide direction
4. If truly stuck, mark_complete(featureId, success: false) triggers auto-retry

Lost context after compaction

Call orchestrator_status(projectDir) - the MCP server maintains all state externally.

Feature has unmet dependencies

1. Check dependencies with orchestrator_status
2. Complete dependency features first
3. Or use set_dependencies to modify the chain

Protocol violations blocking work

1. get_violations() to see what was violated
2. resolve_violation(violationId, resolution) if false positive
3. Adjust protocol constraints if too restrictive

Debugging tmux sessions

# List all worker sessions
tmux list-sessions | grep cc-worker

# Attach to a worker session
tmux attach -t cc-worker-feature-1-abc123

# Capture recent output
tmux capture-pane -t <session-name> -p -S -100

Session crashed, how to recover

Use resume_session(projectDir) - it automatically detects crashes via stale heartbeat, loads the latest checkpoint, and restarts dead workers. Set restartDeadWorkers: true (default) to auto-restart Ralph Loop workers that were running.

Worker keeps failing verification

Check the Ralph Loop progress file (.claude/orchestrator/workers/{featureId}.progress.md) for error patterns across iterations. The progress file records issues encountered in each iteration, helping identify systematic problems.

Plan mode is too slow

Lower the complexity threshold (default: 30) via configure_plan_mode(projectDir, { complexityThreshold: 50 }) so only higher-complexity features trigger planning. Or disable per-feature by setting planMode: false on the feature.

Monitor stops unexpectedly

The monitor auto-stops after 5 consecutive errors (circuit breaker). Check MCP server logs and restart if needed.

Limitations

• Requires tmux (WSL on Windows)
• Workers use your Claude Code subscription
• Protocol enforcement is observational (monitors but doesn't intercept tool calls)
• Complex feature detection is heuristic-based

Contributing

Contributions welcome! See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.

License

MIT