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Email MCP Server

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Email MCP server

Email MCP Server

A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides email access via IMAP and SMTP. Enables AI agents and applications to read, search, send, and manage emails through a standardized HTTP/SSE interface.

Features

  • 7 Email Tools via MCP:

    • list_folders - List all IMAP mailboxes/folders
    • search_emails - Search emails with filters (sender, subject, date range, read/flagged status)
    • read_email - Fetch full email content including body and attachment metadata
    • mark_email - Mark emails as read/unread or flagged/unflagged
    • move_email - Move emails between folders
    • send_email - Send new emails (plain text or multipart HTML)
    • reply_email - Reply to emails preserving thread headers

  • Production-Ready Architecture:

    • Async-native IMAP/SMTP with connection pooling
    • Pydantic-based configuration and validation
    • Comprehensive error handling with structured exceptions
    • API key authentication via X-API-Key header
    • systemd service file for Ubuntu deployment

  • Test-Driven Development:

    • 72 unit and integration tests
    • 100% coverage of core functionality
    • Mocked email servers for reproducible testing

Requirements

  • Python 3.13.5+ (tested with 3.13.5)
  • IMAP and SMTP server access
  • API key for MCP authentication

Quick Start

1. Clone and Set Up

git clone https://github.com/pzanna/email_mcp.git
cd email_mcp
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate  # On Windows: .venv\Scripts\activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

2. Configure Environment

cp .env.example .env
# Edit .env with your credentials

Required environment variables:

# IMAP Configuration
IMAP_HOST=imap.gmail.com
IMAP_PORT=993
[email protected]
IMAP_PASSWORD=your-app-password
IMAP_SSL=true

# SMTP Configuration
SMTP_HOST=smtp.gmail.com
SMTP_PORT=587
[email protected]
SMTP_PASSWORD=your-app-password
# SMTP_STARTTLS mode: "none" (auto), "true" (force), "false" (disable)
SMTP_STARTTLS=true

# MCP Server Configuration
MCP_API_KEY=your-secret-api-key-here
MCP_HOST=127.0.0.1
MCP_PORT=8420
MCP_SERVER_NAME=email-mcp
MCP_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8420

# Optional
DEFAULT_FROM_NAME=Your Name
MAX_SEARCH_RESULTS=50
IMAP_POOL_SIZE=3

3. Run the Server

Local development (Mac/Linux):

source .venv/bin/activate
uvicorn main:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8420

Access the server:

  • MCP endpoint: http://localhost:8420/mcp
  • Health check: http://localhost:8420/health
  • API docs: http://localhost:8420/docs

Testing

# Run all tests
pytest tests/ -v

# Run with coverage
pytest tests/ --cov=. --cov-report=html

# Run specific test file
pytest tests/test_integration.py -v

# Run specific test
pytest tests/test_send.py::test_send_email_plain_text -v

All 72 tests should pass.

Usage Examples

Authentication

All MCP endpoints require the X-API-Key header:

curl -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key-here" \
  http://localhost:8420/mcp/tools

List Available Tools

curl -X GET http://localhost:8420/mcp/tools \
  -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key-here"

Search Emails

curl -X POST http://localhost:8420/mcp/call \
  -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key-here" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "method": "tools/call",
    "params": {
      "name": "search_emails",
      "arguments": {
        "from": "[email protected]",
        "subject": "invoice",
        "since": "2024-01-01",
        "limit": 10
      }
    }
  }'

Send Email

curl -X POST http://localhost:8420/mcp/call \
  -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key-here" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "method": "tools/call",
    "params": {
      "name": "send_email",
      "arguments": {
        "to": ["[email protected]"],
        "subject": "Test Email",
        "body": "This is a test email.",
        "from_name": "My Name"
      }
    }
  }'

Read Email

curl -X POST http://localhost:8420/mcp/call \
  -H "X-API-Key: your-secret-api-key-here" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "method": "tools/call",
    "params": {
      "name": "read_email",
      "arguments": {
        "uid": "12345",
        "folder": "INBOX"
      }
    }
  }'

Deployment

Ubuntu Server with systemd

  1. Copy files to server:
scp -r email_mcp user@server:/home/user/
  1. Set up Python environment:
ssh user@server
cd ~/email_mcp
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
  1. Configure for remote access:Edit .env:
MCP_HOST=0.0.0.0  # Allow remote connections
MCP_BASE_URL=http://192.168.0.1:8420  # Your server IP
  1. Install systemd service:
# Edit email-mcp.service to match your paths
sudo cp email-mcp.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable email-mcp
sudo systemctl start email-mcp
  1. Check status:
sudo systemctl status email-mcp
sudo journalctl -u email-mcp -f  # View logs

Configure MCP Client

Add to your MCP client configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "email": {
      "url": "http://localhost:8420/mcp",
      "headers": {
        "X-API-Key": "your-secret-api-key-here"
      }
    }
  }
}

For remote server, use http://192.168.0.1:8420/mcp (replace with your server IP).

Architecture

email_mcp/
├── main.py                 # FastAPI application entry point
├── config.py               # Pydantic settings (env vars)
├── auth.py                 # API key authentication middleware
├── imap/
│   ├── client.py          # IMAP connection pool
│   ├── read.py            # list_folders, read_email
│   ├── search.py          # search_emails
│   └── flags.py           # mark_email, move_email
├── smtp/
│   └── client.py          # send_email, reply_email
├── tools/
│   ├── definitions.py     # MCP tool schemas
│   └── mcp_routes.py      # MCP HTTP endpoints
└── tests/                  # 72 unit and integration tests

Key Design Patterns

  • Connection Pooling: asyncio.Semaphore limits concurrent IMAP connections (default: 3)
  • Error Handling: Structured exceptions map to MCP error responses
  • Email Threading: In-Reply-To and References headers for reply chains
  • Multipart Messages: Walk message tree to extract text/HTML/attachments
  • No Binary Transfer: Attachments return metadata only (filename, size, content_type)

Troubleshooting

Gmail-Specific Setup

  1. Enable IMAP: Settings → Forwarding and POP/IMAP → Enable IMAP
  2. App Password: Use an App Password instead of your regular password
  3. Gmail SMTP: Use smtp.gmail.com:587 with STARTTLS

Connection Issues

# Test IMAP connection
openssl s_client -connect imap.gmail.com:993

# Test SMTP connection
openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:587

Common Errors

  • CONNECTION_TIMEOUT: Check IMAP_HOST and IMAP_PORT
  • AUTH_FAILED: Verify credentials, use App Password for Gmail
  • FOLDER_NOT_FOUND: Folder names are case-sensitive (use list_folders to verify)
  • MESSAGE_NOT_FOUND: UID may be invalid or message was deleted

SMTPException - Connection already using TLS: Set SMTP_STARTTLS=none in .env for auto mode. Valid values are none, true, and false.

Development

Project Structure

  • imap/ - IMAP client and tools (read, search, flags)
  • smtp/ - SMTP client and tools (send, reply)
  • tools/ - MCP endpoint handlers and schemas
  • tests/ - Unit and integration tests

Running in Development

# Auto-reload on file changes
uvicorn main:app --reload --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8420

# Debug mode with verbose logging
LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG uvicorn main:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8420

Adding New Tools

  1. Define Pydantic models for input/output in appropriate module
  2. Implement async function with error handling
  3. Add tool schema to tools/definitions.py
  4. Wire dispatcher in tools/mcp_routes.py
  5. Write tests following TDD approach

License

MIT

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please:

  1. Write tests for all new features
  2. Follow existing code style (black, isort, mypy)
  3. Update this README for significant changes
  4. Ensure all tests pass before submitting PRs

Support

For issues, questions, or feature requests, please open an issue on GitHub.

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